The Rise Of The Golden Horde Essays - Borjigin, Mongol Empire

The Rise Of The Golden Horde Essays - Borjigin, Mongol Empire The Rise of The Golden Horde May 4, 1997 HS123hLiberty Square 3 Theory: The Mongols rose to control since they were a profoundly propelled culture as observed through their military innovation, their exchange and safeguarding of expound work of art, and their reasonable authoritative arrangement. The Mongols were one of the most dreaded gatherings ever. The very notice of the name Genghis Khan struck dread into each lord and each worker. How did a dissipated assortment of goat herders, drove by the illegitimate offspring of a minor chieftain, assemble the biggest realm ever? How were they ready to assemble a realm that would in the long run stretch over Asia, India, the Mid-East and Eastern Europe? The Mongols had the option to ascend to control in light of the fact that they were an exceptionally propelled culture as observed through their military innovation, their exchange and safeguarding of expand work of art, and their reasonable authoritative arrangement. Perhaps the best factor in the Mongol's kindness was their exceptionally propelled military innovation. Mongols were so talented at attack create that they infrequently lost when assaulting a mansion. So as to utilize the most recent in military attack make, the Mongols contracted Chinese and Middle Eastern specialists who could configuration, construct and use attack gadgets like slings (Lemonick, 67). On one event the Mongols manufactured their own divider outside the city's own dividers so they could shoot rockets from relative wellbeing. At the point when the Mongols attacked a city, they additionally utilized numerous shrewd methodologies. One of the most regularly utilized Mongol strategy was to blockade the city for a while, at that point fall back. The military inside the city dividers, thinking the Mongols were withdrawing, would open the doors and turn out in interest. From that point the incredible Mongols would obliterate the worn out armed force, which was most likely enduring water and food deficiencies inside the fixed off dividers. One extremely sharp strategy utilized by the Mongols was the utilization of water. On one event that the caliph's soldiers wandered forward, the Mongols broke a barrier behind them, catching them with rising waters. (Edwards, The Great Khans, 25) This statement alludes to an episode when the city of Nishapur, capital of Shah Mohammed. The Mongols utilized nearly a similar procedure while assaulting Xi Xia. The Mongols, incapable to take the city by traditional methods, looked to a close by stream and broke its duty. This flood either threatened to or destroyed the city's divider, and constrained the city to give up (Edwards, Lord of the Mongols, 37). The Mongols likewise had great weapons for non-attack fighting. Their most noteworthy combat zone resource was their pony. The strong Mongols horses were treated with such consideration that numerous individuals today may consider it spoiling. Due to these horses, the Mongol mounted force could progress on its foe at surprising rate. Mongols additionally utilized stirrups, which permitted them to ride standing up and to shoot bolts toward any path. The Mongols too had a very much evolved correspondence framework, called orto that included riders conveying messages riding a horse, like the horse express. This framework was exceptionally significant in finding out about and preventing any potential foes (Kessier, 52). The Mongols likewise made an enduring commitment through their conservation and formation of great craftsmanship. An incredible endowment of the Mongols was their conservation of Chinese, Indian, and Mid- Eastern craftsmanship styles. During the rule of Kublai Khan numerous Chinese works including porcelain and silk dress were brought to his court. Bejeweled and robed in silk, he [Kublai Khan] governed from a royal residence whose dividers were plated with gold and silver and beautified with the figures of monsters, mammoths also, flying creatures (Time, 26) Kublai clearly had a preference for Chinese extravagances. By carrying works of art to his court, he was capable to protect them. The Mongols likewise impacted crafted by different nations, as observed here: The disclosure of Chinese and Indian roused symbolism on porcelain and figure affirm Mongolia's job in the social trade among China and Eurasia. (Lemonick, 66) ]Much work of art that is today viewed as old Chinese was impacted or really made by the Mongols. They had the option to make such impacts because of their control of the silk street, the thousand mile long exchange organize connecting Russia, Mongolia, China and India. On this exchange course the Mongols additionally exchanged their own work. Their craft, be that as it may, was considerably more viable. As contradicted to making jars and works of art, the Mongols cut expand plans on their seats also, weapons like their bows and bolts. Despite the fact that the Mongols are frequently depicted as heartless barbarians,

Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. :: essays research papers

To motivate a mutual vision you should have certain characteristics. You need to comprehend fate with individuals. You need to offer life to that vision, and you need to make it request to the majority. These are just a couple of approaches to enroll others to your convictions. Fire up. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was fit for these things and he motivated a large number of individuals around the world. Martin Luther King Jr. was conceived on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. His folks were the Reverend King and Mrs. Martin Luther King. He had a sister and a sibling. As a kid he would play in his front yard with two white young men. The boys’ father claimed a general store in the area, so normally they knew each other since they were little. At some point, the King kids went to the store to meet the young men, yet that day was extraordinary. The young men said that they weren’t permitted to play with dark children. This was Martin King Jr.’s first experience with isolation. He didn’t get it, yet once he did, he swore that he would change the world. Lord covered himself in studies to be also instructed as could be expected under the circumstances. At 15 years old, King graduated Booker T. Washington High School and was acknowledged into Morehouse College. In the wake of graduating school he went to Crozer Theological Seminary. He joined the Baptist Ministry on February 25, 1948 when he was 19 years of age. In 1951, he was acknowledged to Boston University. While there, he met Coretta Scott, and they got hitched in 1953. Soon after, they moved to Montgomery, Alabama. On June 5, 1955 he got a doctorate of theory in deliberate religious philosophy from the Boston University. Not long after he earned his doctorate, King scholarly of Rosa Parks and a transport blacklist. This was his first calling to battle against isolation. On December 5, 1955, he was made leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association, making him the official representative for the blacklist. In November of 1956, the Supreme Court administered transport isolation unlawful. This raised the resolve of dark individuals in the U.S. There was presently confirmation that they could get equivalent rights. The battle started, yet King was utilizing another technique. He rehearsed peacefulness in his blacklists and walks. Ruler shaped the Christian Leadership Conference in 1957. This meeting would talk about approaches to battle for equivalent rights without brutality.

Information systems development research - Free Essay Example

TASK 1 Question 1: Comparison of Modes of Enquiry. A set of multiple elements that are attached and dependent on one another is called a system. An enquiry system is used to determine different elements in a system i.e. Information System. The goal of a system can be achieved by breaking down a complex system into sub systems and reaching a level where the system cannot be broken down further. Positives and negatives of different modes of enquiries can be determined on basis of real world situations. (Flood.L.Robert, p 215-221). The different types of modes of enquiry are Simple, Complex and Innovative. Inductive-Consensual This mode of enquiry is a series of steps that allows us to have an outcome on basis of limited set of observations. Only one conclusion can be considered with these formulated observations. The different kinds of analysis that can be used in this method are analogous, historical or multiple independently sourced. The problem is first developed by decision maker after which a set of possible results can be given. Analytic-Deductive This mode of enquiry views the world as a formula and often logical consistency is highlighted. This method leads the decision maker to the truth. The identification of plausible solution can be reached by dividing issues into many parts by completely understanding each component. This mode of enquiry has the objective to identify the issue based on classified component, to get some perceptive details and solution parts by parts. Analytic-Deductive Method is an organised and standardized approach because it makes computations based on numbers or mathematical formula. This approach is less subjective as figures and values are used to ascertain the problem, allowing derivation of the solution easier as well as objective. Being the solutions derived from the formula, inaccuracy is reduced. Multiple Realities This mode of enquiry helps in decision making process.In this enquiry mode, complexity of data or information increases and needs more strategic ways so that certain solution is derived. This approach does not only adhere to the identification of a particular solution or outcome because problems are represented in broader and wider perspectives. In this way, management or decision maker will become more involved and may have many factors to choose from. This method has less number of limitations as compared to other methods of enquiry. As an example, the factors for judgement are not restricted to a definite number. Therefore, analysis can be made up of all facets, issues and solutions related to model or problem. As all the factors will be considered so the development of analogy would be accurate. The problem can be created by providing its holistic view by the decision maker. (Ellis, Keith, R., 2005, p 199-214) Dialectic Another method is dialectic approach that helps in making decisions. This method is used to provide dissimilarities between tradition and typical assumptions. This enquiry system is helpful in creation of decision making process that is free from obstacles and progressive. One of the advantages of dialectic approach is that process to make decisions is similar to conflict issues as indicated in the enquiry. Two opposing stand points for a particular issue can be viewed by the decision maker. With this approach the management can critically determine if the integration of business strategy with information technology can be helpful or would be ineffective to boost the performance of the business. (Ellis, Keith, R., 2005, p 199-214) Unbounded Systems Thinking This method allows the decision maker to have good knowledge in all fields and circumstances to come up with the most suitable action, solution or conclusion. This mode of enquiry also enables the decision maker or management to select from what he or she thinks would be most productive and suitable enquiry system to utilise for a particular issue. The decision maker can provide unlimited number of factors and issues about the given information instead of restricting himself to constraints to a certain idea. In line with the use of internet, this enquiry system is advantageous since the internet itself provides many challenges and conception which have to be given a careful thought to have a favourable end result. Question 2: Development of a plan for carrying out the research for Tasks II and III. These three steps to carry out the research. They are as follows:- Step 1: Defining the Research project This step includes purpose of the research; time allotted for the research and what needs to be found and why that finding is necessary? The purpose of the research is basically to accumulate human knowledge. This can be achieved through deduction or reasoning. The underlying reasons for this research are as follows;- To describe the impact of online shopping on MNC using Pest analysis. Impact of technology on IS Strategic planning and IS development. Problems of IS strategic Planning on MNC. Elaborate the ethical issues such as data accessibility. Step 2: Developing a Research Plan The resources used in this research were Internet, library, journals and magazines. Search engines like Google and Bing were used to find information related to research. Step 3: Research and Review Findings The research was conducted keeping in mind the purpose of research and resources which were available related to research topics. The findings of the research are already available in the Questions asked in Task 2 and Task 3. The researcher deduced that the methods of enquiry and Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) are beneficial whenever a problem situation is encountered. In the implementation of the concepts, different systems perspective is taken into account in order to achieve primary purpose. Question 3: Method of Enquiry chosen to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the approach. The mode of enquiry system chosen was Unbound Systems Thinking also known as Innovative Enquiry. As this method believes that every one of the sciences and professions is considered fundamental and none is superior to or better than any other. Therefore, this enquiry system is better than any other enquiry modes. It also believes that imaginative approach can be used to establish solutions and other suggestions and ideas can be considered. This enquiry system indicates that everything interacts with everything, Problem is a mess, and it is incapable to have inflexible definition of the problem. It makes the use of thinking system to determine imaginatively the problem. This mode of enquiry is not partial and all types of learning, not only to hard sciences and/or its models and theories are taken into consideration. TASK 2 Question 1: Pest Analysis Impact of Online Shopping on MNC. The way of shopping where customers purchase products or do shopping by visiting online pages is called a Online Shopping. these online shopping website are called electronic stores, electronic shops, webstores, internet shops etc . (Wikipedia, 2010) The number of staff required is reduced as a result of online purchase and thereby reducing costs. Online Shopping is easy and effective way of shopping for customer to buy products online and recieve them in different parts of the world. (Wikipedia, 2010). According to Global Nielsen Consumer Report, February 2008, online shopping is gaining momentum in todays world because it is less time consuming and allows the consumers to sit in the comforts of the home and getting the product and services delivered at their door-step with payment being made through credit cards .According to this report, main items that are brought online include books, footwear and clothing. Impact of Online Shopping on MNCs Using Pest Analysis. The nature of most online businesses are global. so there are some concerns as well in online shopping as well. these four concerns political, economic, technological and social. these can be different from country to country, The rules and regulations of a particular country have to be taken into consideration before planning is done to sell in that country. The decisions of the managers of a particular organization will be effected by many factors in the macro-environment. New laws, tax changes, trade barriers, government policy. Demographic change is all instances of macro change. (Kotter, J. and Schlesinger, L.,1991, p 24 29) To help ascertain these factors, senior executives can classify them using PEST Model. This classification differentiates between: INCLUDEPICTURE https://smehro.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/pest.png?w=604h=485 * MERGEFORMATINET Figure: Pest Analysis Political Factors: These factors indicate the government policies such as degree of government i nterference in the economy. This factor also includes the formal and informal rules of a particular country in which organization has to function. For instance, the UK political effect on UK sales and marketing, if the company will stay within the law, the sales of the company will be low because of the sale of age restrictions, i.e. under age sale of alcohal. the other examples of political facors are as under. Policies of government related to tax. Laws of government on employment of that country. Regulations and restrictions imposed on import and export of goods. Regulations related to safety of employees. Rules and regulations related to competition. Economic Factors: These factors include rate of interests charged by financial institutions of that country, the rate of exchange from one currency to another, steady growth in productive capacity of the economy which will further help in growth of national income, phases of the business cycle and confidence of con sumers. A firms behavior can have a major impact because of economic change like: Investments can be deterred because of high interest rates as it costs more to borrow. Exporting could be difficult because of strong currency as it may increase the price in terms of foreign currency. Costs can be increased because of high wage demands from employees provoked by inflation. The firms products may get a boost demand because of higher national income growth. Social Factors: The demand for a firms products can be affected because of changes in social trends and the accessibility and eagerness of individuals to work. For instance, in a country like UK where population has been ageing has increased the costs for firms as they are determined to pay pensions for their staff members because they are living longer. So, older employees can be recruited to tap into this growing labour pool. This ageing population has great impact on demand: for instance, demand for sheltered accomm odation and medicines have grown up whereas demand for toys is decreasing. Prediction of social factors is difficult. For instance, predictions about social networking sites like Facebook or My Space or SMS messaging would be so popular. If the companys business is bound to have a social impact then the company needs to develop price control to stop which effects that turnover.it may be useful for the companies to do research in new areas of marketing and advertisement. there are different ways to do that. for example putting a search box in your website and have a continuos look on that searches. by doing this the company can add or subtract new products depending on the results of the searches. Technological factors: Technology helps a lot in developing new products. Automation in various industries like manufacturing, processing, chemical etc makes the use of technology. There are many advantages of technology like reduction in costs, improved quality of products and services and innovation.( Pugh D.Wills,2006, p 2) Both consumers and organizations can be benefited by these developments. Staying ahead of crowd will be possible if the company stays ahead of technology and will also benefit the customer. But the company has to careful about technology as some technologies would not be liked by customers and the company would end up costing the money and not helping the business. Example of Pest Analysis: Pizza Hut Introduction and History of Pizza hut Frank and Dan Carney launched an idea of pizza restaurant In 1958. the pizza restaurant was so small that it has only 25 seats and they can write only 9 letters on the sign. there restaurant building look like a hut, so they named it Pizza Hut. After fifteen years later, they open a first UK restaurent and now it becomes the first biggest pizza company in the world. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PIZZA HUT Research was conducted on Pizza Hut for PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis. i. POLITICAL ISSUES: Political issues include regulatory frame work operating in judicial system which may affect the business in different ways. As there is lack of competition so there are not many political factors affecting Pizza Hut. The organization has to follow rules such as laws on business employment, pollution and taxation. ii. ECONOMIC FACTORS: There is a green signal for business if the GDP of the country is good because it will increase the per capita income of the people and and they will spend more money. In the beginning of any month, most people spend more and visit Pizza Hut more often. When the inflation rate increases the cost of raw material also increases and this leads towards high prices of the products and vice versa. iii. SOCIAL FACTORS: Pizza Hut originated from America so the company is overwhelmed by western culture. It is a multi national co mpany. The society consists of all classes from upper to lower. The organization can be affected by cultural norms, values, beliefs and religion of a particular country. iv. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Technology is evolving at a faster pace. New and efficient technology used at Pizza hut will result in efficient services to the customers. Due to new technology there are new ways of marketing like internet; telemarketing and the organization can advertise their products with much more faster pace. Management information system is the best way to collect customer data which can help companies to make right decisions. Question 2: SSM IS Strategic Planning and IS Development Most of all, the organization should know the future vision, what they wishes to have. the key to unlock the competitive future of the organization may be Technology and if used wrongly, it may result in problems that will be faced by the whole structure of the organization. With the help of technology, external business environment can be easily scanned by organizations to gather information or data that can be useful in decision making on resource allocation in a way that it should be the on the best standards and should have a maximum use of it. The decisions are made faster, ideas are shared and information is easily communicated with the help of technology. Organizations can also benchmark from other companies strategies that could be used to reach objectives with the help of internet. the best information system Strategic plan with state-of the-art technology reflect the best practices. When best system implemented, if provides the best results with minimum overhead costs. these types of systems concentrate on contouring the procedure and improve productivity. ( Avison, 1991, p 98 112) SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY Peter Checkland developed the Soft System Technology in UK in Late 60s. in the start, its emphasize was modeling tool but after few years it becomes the learning and meaning development tool. Soft Systems methodology Process SSM is widely described as a seven-stage process, as follows: Determining the problematic situation that it is desired to intervene in Researching the situation and building a rich picture (interpretive representation) of it Choosing perspectives and building root definitions (key processes that need to take place within the desired system) Developing a conceptual model of the change system Comparing the model with the real-world situation Defining the changes to be implemented Taking action. Stage 1: Determining the problematic situation that it is desired to intervene in It involves identifying and providing brief description of the situation that is desired to intervene in. The first part of SSM is normally done by those involved in or affected by the issues coming to an agreement about the situation that needs attention. Attention should be given not to formulate the issue as a problem to be solved as this can lead to too narrow approach at an early stage. The situation has to be acknowledged, explored and defined in the first step. So first we decide what it is we are actually exploring. We assess the general area that interests us instead of defining the problem. Data is collected whether it is qualitative or quantitative by whatever method seems suitable e.g.: surveys, observation or measurement. There are no restrictions placed by any formal definitions or organizational boundaries and works as goal free evaluation. Stage 2: Researching the situation and building a rich picture (interpretive representation) of it In second part, rich picture is developed. The objective here is to build representation of the situation in which intervention is desired. The overall situation should be described by rich picture. Formal Research Techniques or Unstructured Approaches can be used to gather information. The most important benefit of rich picture is that it gets information and perspectives from the widest possible range of sources.(Ledington 1988, p 31 36) The picture can be represented visually rather than just as text. Here, the situation needs to be expressed with all its richness. The main items that should be included in picture are: Structures, Processes, Climate, People, Issues expressed by people and Conflicts. Stage 3: Choosing perspectives and building root definitions (key processes that need to take place within the desired system) The third part involves analyses of the people-dimension situation. it highlight the main players of the situation and the view or perspective of the world. This will find the client who will cause intervention to happen, the professional who will utilize or guide the SSM process and the owners of the issues addressed. All of these can be the same people. The cultural environment, politics and power relations can also effect the situations. In system development, methodology is the most and important activity which needs to be understand well before draw a picture. It will be very complex task to address all these perspectives as a whole. Situation would become more clear by addressing key perspectives individually, understanding their implications and then making use of those understanding while re-integrating these perspectives into a set of evaluative conclusions and suggestions for future action. The next step involves choosing a particular perspective and put it through a very structured and rigorous model development process. At this point it can be useful to carry out a CATWOE analysis, which will draw in part on the Stage 1 analysis. CATWOE is a mnemonic for: Customer, Actors, Transformation process, World-view, owner and environmental factors. Customers: people who are affected by the transformation Actors: the people who perform the activities in the transformation Transformation process: stating what is changed and to what World-view or perspective from which the transformation is meaningful Owner(s), i.e. the person or people who control the transformation Environmental / external factors, i.e. anything that constrains the transformation. Each process in SSM is normally indicated in form of Root Definition which is either a short paragraph or a long sentence in the format Do action P (what), using method Q (how), to (help) achieve result R (why). Transformation (T) is the initiation point. Once the Transformation is identified, the process can proceed to determine other key elements of the system. Stage 4: creating a conceptual model of the change system Using the root definition you draw up a conceptual model using systems conventions. This involves evaluating the change model against the situation and is usually represented by the rich picture and associated analysis. Sometimes, further development of rich picture is required and there are modifications to be made in change model. The other objective of this stage is to develop common understanding of the change and change processes among key actors and stake holders involved. This stage should look for accommodation or major acceptability not total consensus which may not be possible due to differing perspectives. Stage 5: Comparing the model with the real-world situation Now the model is compared with reality, insights drawn from that comparison, and ideas for improvements determined. This is the real powerhouse of the methodology. Checkland suggests four ways of doing this: Unstructured discussions Structured questioning of the model using a matrix approach Scenario or dynamic modeling Trying to model the real world using the same structure as the conceptual model. Stage 6: Specify the alteration to be enforced This stage will be different as it will depend on a particular change project but it includes developing the changed model into concrete plan. Formal Project management Protocols will be useful at this stage. A less structured approach can also be suitable. Here, The methodology will not be series of steps and will become cyclic in nature. Possible Intervention are explored on basis of analysis. Stage 7: Take Action. This stage involves keeping track of the effects of the project by monitoring and investigation. this is a research section which highlights the basic problems and its solutions. this stage can return to the stage 1 to detect how the system should be made to view the clear and better picture and how the change can differentiate the better than the previous one. TASK 3 Question 1: Possible problems that may be faced by MNC while developing Information systems. the way of combining or developing a companys business strategy with an effective computer based information to achieve the maximum benefit and its goals is called the strategic information system planning. the main objective of the SISP is to align the companys business strategy with its information technology strategy. SISP is very important because the company spent a lot of resources (money, time, human resource) to develop it. the team face a lot of problems while its on his way to develop it. (Newkirk, Ledererand Srinivasan,2003, p.201 228) there can be a problem of specification gap between the statement of the suggested system and more facts required for potential system enforcement. (Hevner, Studnicki, 2000, vol. 4, pp.4005). A specification gap in SISP can be checked in the development of bigger system. he system design teams recommend a system to develop and some time fails to explain the the important issued. the this recommend or developed system come to the pro gram developer team where they input their knowledge. on the other hand the system design team is always their to help or explain them the issues. but some time what happened. the system design team could not help the programmers to resolve the issue and pressurize them to do it. Productive design methods must establish a discipline in which validity and completeness are enforced at all levels. (Earl M, 1993, p 1 24) As the response to the difficulty of Specification gap, the use of box structure methods is recommended. They provide valid and completeness to specify proposed IS solutions that bridge the specifications gap to productive system implementation. there are lot of important issues which can bring success to the projects recommend information System Plan. the failure of the SISP projects are oftenly seen the problem of effectively implementation of IS solutions. there are lot of reasons for failures of the projects there can be shortage of resources, lot of changes etc . The overarching reason for implementation failure is the huge Specification Gap between the recommended IS solutions and the knowledge necessary to actually implement the desired information systems. SISP methodologies require IS personnel to devote substantial time and effort to requirements of the desired systems. The managers satisfaction with the SISP methodology , the resources required to implement the methodology ,process, outcome and final implementation were also rated as factors for unsuccessful IS plans. The two problems that were of major concern were difficulty in getting senior management commitment for implementing the IS plan and the requirement for further analysis in order to carry out the plan. It is often seen that SISP methodologies may come out with good IS plans but the companies lack management commitment and control processes to ensure that they follow the IS plan. Lederer, Albert L and Sethi (1996, p 35 62) see that strategic planning should be aimed at building robust information management foundation for long term management of information and its supporting technologies, and to: Analyze current and future information requirements of the corporation that reflect close alliance of business and IS/IT strategies, aims and functions. Ascertain management policies, creation, maintenance , control and accessibility of business information resource IS/IT functions should be repositioned centrally in the corporation with representation at senior management High quality systems can be built and maintained by ensuring that IS architecture is sound. Analyze a portfolio of abilities that will be required over the lifetimes of the plans. Ascertain a productive and attainable corporate structure for the IS/IT function. There should be an acknowledgement of shared responsibility between IT/IS and corporate people for the successful implementation of IS plans. Question 2: Ethical Issues of Strategic Design Information Systems have provided managers with better information, enabling managers with better decision making. Effective Information Systems can be a source of valuable information which can have competitive advantage. Managers control and coordinate using the system. there are some security challenges in using information system which poses serious ethical questions and affects society in a number of ways. there are number of ethical issues in the areas of employment, working conditions, crimes and privacy. (Reilly and Kyi, 1990, p. 691 698) Information ethics are categorized into for main parts namely Privacy, Accuracy, Property and Accessibility. There are two forces threatening privacy. The first is the growth of information technology with its improved capacity for scrutiny, communication, calculation, storage and access of data for subsequent use. The second one is the information value in decision making. Policy makers are highly interested in information; they de sire it even if acquiring that information invades privacy of another individual. Information systems are created and information is stored in databases which might be helpful in decision making. So, it becomes a responsibility that the information in databases has to be accurate. Today, information is produced about so many people and their activities that our exposure to problem of inaccuracy is enormous. Intellectual Property Rights is one of the most difficult issues faced by our society. Several economic and ethical fears are attached to property rights; fears related to special attributes of information and the ways by which information is conveyed. It can be extremely expensive to produce information in the first instance. Information can easily be reproduced and shared with others after it is produced for the first time. The original information can be copied without destroying the actual one. Therefore, information is difficult to safe guard and it becomes communicable. When somebody else uses your information then it becomes difficult to secure appropriate reimbursements. (Besan and Kirby, 1989, p 255 280) Top management in every corporation needs information for strategic decision making. there are a lot of managers who are using computers or have direct access to to the computerized informations. so when manager/Senior management involves in the companys information and sees some problems, this information travels throughout the company then it becomes the responsibility of the company. the problem solving activity becomes faster and are more chances to solve it or decide what to do with problem. there are some issues as well who can access the informations. this access needs to be controlled by the top management that who have the right to access the information. there should be some proper measure to stop any unauthorized person to view the informations. ( Premkumar and King,1994, P 75-109). Information system failure can occur because of the following reasons:- The developed system does not meet the objectives, requirements or specifications laid down for it. It is also assumed that the system objectives, requirements and specifications are determined in the early phases of system development. There are weaknesses in the system development process due to poor planning or incorrect estimation of resources required. This results in workable delivered system but with additional cost and time. The delivered system may be reduced in scope or complexity to reduce the impact of process failure. Here, the system is either rejected or not used as intended by its users but meets its stated objectives, requirements and specification. Such systems may be avoided by their users in favor of unofficial shadow systems, often developed by the users themselves. In this case, there are multiple stakeholder groups that are involved in development of information systems. If the delivered system or the development process does not meet the expectations of a specific stakeholder then for that particular stakeholder, an expectation failure has occurred. References Modes of Enquiry [Online] Available at: Ellis, Keith, R., Critical considerations in the development of systems thinking and practice, Journal of HYPERLINK https://www.springerlink.com/content/104295/?p=e73923b97be349ce922686302b66e4capi=0 Systemic Practice and Action Research, 2005, Pages 199-214. [Accessed Jan 8, 2010] Flood.L.Robert, What is happening when you problem solve? A critical systems perspective, Journal of HYPERLINK https://www.springerlink.com/content/104295/?p=e73923b97be349ce922686302b66e4capi=0 Systemic Practice and Action Research, 205, Pages 215-221. [Accessed Jan 8, 2010] HYPERLINK https://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics https://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics [Accessed Jan 8, 2010] Online Shopping [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shopping https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shopping [Accessed Jan 9, 2010] Trends in Online Shopping a Global Nielsen Consumer Report. Online Shopping Takes Off . February 2008.[Accessed Jan 8, 2010] HYPERLINK https://th.nielsen.com/site/documents/GlobalOnlineShoppingReportFeb08.pdf https://th.nielsen.com/site/documents/GlobalOnlineShoppingReportFeb08.pdf Pest Analysis [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK https://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm https://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm [Accessed Jan 9, 2010] HYPERLINK https://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/corpstrtgy/general/pestle-analysis.htm PESTLE analysis history and application, CIPD. [Accessed Jan 9, 2010]. HYPERLINK https://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/corpstrtgy/general/pestle-analysis.htm https://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/corpstrtgy/general/pestle-analysis.htm Pugh,D.,Wills,One on One: An Interview with Willis D. Pugh by Jill Schildhouse, The Journal of Supply Chain Management, Winter 2006, Vol. 42, No. 1, p. 2 [Accessed Jan 9, 2010] HYPERLINK https://www.ism.ws/pubs/JournalSCM/jscmarticle.cfm?ItemNumber=139 25 https://www.ism.ws/pubs/JournalSCM/jscmarticle.cfm?ItemNumber=13925 Pest Analysis Example [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK https://www.scribd.com/doc/13043996/PizzaHut-Report[Accessed HYPERLINK https://www.scribd.com/doc/13043996/PizzaHut-Report https://www.scribd.com/doc/13043996/PizzaHut-Report [Accessed Jan 9, 2010] Kotter, J. and Schlesinger, L. (1991),Choosing strategies for change, Harvard Business Review, pp.24-29. [Accessed Jan 9, 2010] Soft System Methodology [Online] Available at: Checkland, P., Holwell, S., Information, Systems and Information Systems making sense of the field, John Wiley Sons, 1998. [Accessed Jan 9, 2010] Davies, L. J., Ledington, P. W. J., Creativity and metaphor in soft systems methodology, Journal of Applied System Analysis, 1988, 15, pp. 31-36. [Accessed Jan 9, 2010] Avison, D. E, Wood-Harper, A. T., Information systems development research: an exploration of ideas in practice, The Computer Journal, 34(2), 1991, pp. 98-112. [Accessed Jan 9, 2010] HYPERLINK https://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/soft_systems_methodology https://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/soft_systems_methodology [Accessed Jan 9, 2010] Strategic Planning [Online] Available at: Henry E.Newkirk, Albert L.Ledererand CidambiSrinivasan ,Strategic information systems planning: too little or too much?, The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Volume 12, Issue 3, October 2003, Pages 201-228.[Accessed Jan 10,2010] Earl, M.,Experiences in Strategic Information Systems Planning. MIS Quarterly, 17, 1 (1993), Pages 1-24. [Accessed Jan 10, 2010] Premkumar, G. and King, W., Organizational Characteristics and Information Systems Planning: An Empirical Study, Information Systems Research 5, 2 (1994), Pages 75-109. [Accessed Jan 10, 2010] HYPERLINK https://www.jmis-web.org/cgi-bin/gencontrib.pl?Albert+L.+Lederer+211 t _top Lederer, Albert L.and HYPERLINK https://www.jmis-web.org/cgi-bin/gencontrib.pl?Vijay++Set hi+212 t _top Sethi, Vijay, Key Prescriptions for Strategic Information Systems Planning, HYPERLINK https://www.jmis-web.org/toppage/index.html t _top Journal of Management Information Systems, HYPERLINK https://www.jmis-web.org/issues/Summer_1996/index.html Vol. 13 No. 1, Summer 1996pp. 35 62. [Accessed Jan 10, 2010] Alan R. Hevner, Donald J. Berndt, James Studnicki, Strategic Information Systems Planning with Box Structures, hicss, vol. 4, pp.4005, 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 4, 2000 [Accessed Jan 10, 2010] HYPERLINK https://www.economicexpert.com/7a/Strategic:management.htm https://www.economicexpert.com/7a/Strategic:management.htm [Accessed Jan 10, 2010] HYPERLINK https://net.educause.edu/ir/library/html/cem/cem98/cem9814.html https://net.educause.edu/ir/library/html/cem/cem98/cem9814.html [Accessed Jan 10, 2010] Ward, John., Strategic Planning for Information Systems, Third Edition, HYPERLINK https://www.diesel-ebooks.com/cgi-bin/ category/searchquery=John%20Wiley%20%20Sons,%20Ltd.searchfields=misc1match=fulltext John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Ethical Issues [Online] Available at: Reilly, B.J., and Kyj, M.J., Economics and Ethics.: Journal of Business Ethics(1990), Pages 691-698. [Accessed Jan 10, 2010] Besen, S.M., and Kirby, S.N. Private copying, appropriability, and optimal copying royalties,Journal of Law and Economics, 32(October 1989), Pages 255-280. [Accessed Jan 10, 2010] HYPERLINK https://www.scribd.com/doc/2262245/BMFP-4512-Chapter12-Information-System-Management https://www.scribd.com/doc/2262245/BMFP-4512-Chapter12-Information-System-Management [Accessed Jan 10, 2010] HYPERLINK https://teaching.fec.anu.edu.au/BUSN8205/Wk7-DownsideOfSISs.pdf https://teaching.fec.anu.edu.au/BUSN8205/Wk7-DownsideOfSISs.pdf [Accessed Jan 10, 2010] Salehnia, Ali., (2002). Ethical Issues of Information systems. IRM Press, London.

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Essay on Teenage Pregnancy and Prevention - 1320 Words

The public sector cost in 2004 is $950 million dollars for teenage births (Hoffman, 2006). Billions of taxpayer dollars are spent every year to care and support teenage births. Although teen pregnancy has declined in the past, the United States is still number one out of all industrialized countries of teen pregnancies. Therefore, implementing an in depth sex education class covering parenting in schools will allow teens to fully understand he consequences of having protected or unprotected sex. All children deserve love and care from their parents. The United States has a higher rate of teen pregnancy than other countries because one is not open to talk about sex with a child once puberty emerges. The Telegraph (2007) reads that the†¦show more content†¦Children are being introduced to puberty at a much younger age today. Many different things can contribute to girls having an earlier onset of puberty. Study shows girls who are obese have a higher chance of puberty coming earlier than girls that are not obese (Port, 2013). Puberty, a time in a girl’s/boys life that changes them physically and mentally. When teens reach puberty they start to explore their sexual behaviors. Since young girls are starting their menstrual cycles earlier, it is the perfect time to have the â€Å"safe sex† talk with them. The time for educating teens about safe sex or no sex must start earlier than before. Adequate sex education is needed in today’s school curriculum in order to aid in the fight against teen pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy possesses a huge impact on today’s economy. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012), teenage pregnancy cost nearly eleven billion dollars annually and taxpayers acquired the responsibility of paying those taxes. Eleven billion dollars, enough money to apply a more detailed education into the school’s teaching teens about the importance of safe sex and the consequences that could come from it. One might wonder how CDC arrived at its figures, but adolescent pregnancies have their effect on the nation’s economy. According to Professor David Ciscel (n.d.) with the University of Memphis, teenagers who make the choice of having sex and getting pregnant will use publicShow MoreRelatedThe Prevention Of Teenage Pregnancy Essay1513 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent types of contraception. This lack of access can lead to higher rates of teenage pregnancy and an increase in sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers. The sexually active teenagers who have been given better access to contraception are less likely to become pregnant or contract an STD, in comparison to their peers who do not have access. With the prevention of teenage pregnancy, comes the prevention of future socioeconomic barriers and health issues. Currently, there are over nineteenRead MoreThe Prevention Of Teenage Pregnancy2414 Words   |  10 PagesPrevention of Teenage Pregnancy Becoming a parent can be a challenging situation even for the most prepared. However, if you are a teenager, it can be the biggest challenge of young adolescent life. Teen pregnancy can affect one physically, emotionally, as well as financially. The stress and pressure that comes with finding out your pregnant can be devastating. From finding the right words to tell your parents to finding ways to pay for the cost of having your baby and the ultimate pressure figuringRead MoreThe Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy2032 Words   |  9 PagesApproximately every two minutes, a teenage girl in the United States gives birth (Guernsey 6). While this fact may be sad and startling to most people, it is in deed the truth. Over the past few decades, the problem of teen pregnancy has grown considerably in this country. It has been receiving a great deal of public and official attention recently, including expressions of concern from President Clinton and New Jerseys Governor Whitman (Schurmann 7). However, the most extensive dilemma regardingRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Prevention Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage Pregnancy Prevention Anne Maxa English Composition II American InterContinental University November 20, 2011 Annotated Bibliography ------------------------------------------------- Essay Outline I. Thesis Statement: Teen pregnancy can easily be prevented with better educated teens, better communication between teens and parents, and the knowledge of contraceptives II. Teens will be less likely to become pregnant with better education. A. Classes offered in schoolsRead MoreA Research Study On Teenage Pregnancy Prevention1009 Words   |  5 Pagestypes of support teenage mothers have received after the birth of their child. The aim of this study is to explore and evaluate the usefulness of support systems and to gain insight on the types of support teenage mothers received after pregnancy. In addition, this study will explore the perceptions of teenage mothers on how support impacted their lives. According to the â€Å"Teen Pregnancy Prevention† (2016), statistics from the National Conference of State Legislatures found teen pregnancy and birth ratesRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A High Risk, The Effects, And The Prevention Of Teen Pregnancy1242 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a huge problem in the United States, but the rates are not at an all-time high. The pregnancy rates of teens have actually gone down in the past few years, but it still is a big problem here in the United States. The United States has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy, Russia has the second highest. Teenage pregnancy is a social and economic problem; it is not good for our country. This essay, will discuss who is at a high risk, the effects, and the prevention of teen pregnancyRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Prevention Through Prescription Contraceptives1968 Words   |  8 Pages Teenage Pregnancy Prevention through Prescription Contraceptives Denise Houy George Washington University NURS 6205 June 6, 2016 â€Æ' Teenage Pregnancy Prevention through Prescription Contraceptives What’s the issue? Teenage and unplanned pregnancy is always a trending topic in society. The United States has made substantial progress in reducing teenage birth rates during the past several decades, but rates remain high, particularly compared with rates in other developed countries (GodfreyRead MoreThe Effectiveness of the Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Grant Program: An Evaluation610 Words   |  2 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to describe the effectiveness of the Teenage Pregnancy Prevention grant program. This work will address how the project will provide culturally-competent care and describe a detailed plan for monitoring the progress of this program. Also included is a plan that can be used to evaluate the intervention process in terms of efficiency, acceptability and effectiveness. To help frame this evaluation program, the National Center for Cultural Competence provided a checklistRead MoreTeenage Moms That Are Still In High School Get Pregnant1391 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage moms that are still in high school get pregnant at a young age, and are not able to support themselves or their child. There were just under a quarter million pregnancies in women ages fifteen to nineteen in 2014. About eighty-five percent of these pregnancies are unplanned, which in any population can increase the risk for problems. The biggest risk for teen mothers is delaying prenatal care or worse, about seven percent received no care at all. According to CDC, In 2014, almost 250,000Read MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A Social Issue1551 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy rates have been declining in the United States, but when compared to pregnancy rates in other industrial countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom they are still relatively high. (Office of Adolescent Health, 2016). Teenage pregnancy is defined by UNICEF, as an adolescent between the ages of thirteen to nineteen becoming pregnant. (UNICEF Malaysia Communications). Teenage pregnancy is viewed as a social issue because of the way it affects a country’s economy, the mother and

Project Management Successful Project Portfolio Management

Question: Explain about the Report for Project Management of Successful Project Portfolio Management ? Answer: Controlling Projects according to Plan The project manager argues on require for controlling their projects according to their scheduled plans. The challenge for the project manager is to relate the proper tools as well as methods in the project plan. Effective program management is a function that will completely define the work, schedules, monitoring process and budgets. It is based on the capability to keep the personnel involved in their work. The project manager should have the capability to obtain the assurance from the team as well as higher management (Schwalbe, 2015). They should resolve the complexities from the technical and organizational side. Senior and project manager find difficulty in recognizing the potential problems in the available data. Senior managers are better at influencing by the side aspects of the project plan such as principles of project management. Therefore, a gathering of information and analysis process is critical for the project manager. Even strong relationship among the senior as wel l as project manager makes easier steps to take a good decision-making (Philbin Kennedy, 2016). Even the project manager can get information from the planned project as well as actual data that makes the decision making more efficient. The potential problems associate more strongly with the poor performance than the real problems. The projects keep on failing due to the use of recognized project methods as well as techniques as the leadership capability is necessary for the successful completion of the project outcomes. The accomplishment of the project plan manages the time, cost as well as performance. The actual problems of the project team are the lack of leadership (Kaiser, El Arbi Ahlemann, 2015). When the project manager should not have the leadership quality, then they cannot take the possible steps for successful completion of the project plan. The reasons behind the poor performance of the project plan are the non-qualified members of the project team, poor selection of the team members, limitation of resources and critical objectives of the project plan. The other reasons for poor project performance are poor communication among the team members and lack of involvement of stakeholder. Even the poor communication leads to lack of clarity about the roles as well as responsibilities of the project manager (Philbin Kennedy, 2016). There is a lack of understanding of the project requirements. If there is any poor estimation in the planning phase, then it is one the vital causes of project failures. In order to make sure that everything is up to date with the requirements of the project, then communication among the project stakeholders should be frequent by arranging meetings. Therefore, there is required to improve over those factors. Otherwise, it will harm the quality of the project plan. San Franciscos Metro Turnback Project control processes use the tow code of accounts such as project code of account and cost code of conduct. It tracks the scope of the project change management as well as identified the potential cost of the project plan. This control processes used to make the cost decisions in order to keep the cost under control (Kaiser, El Arbi Ahlemann, 2015). Controls are required to manage the project not only based on technical risks but also based on schedule as well as costs. Johnson Controls project management procedures understand the relationship between the buildings as well as achievements. These project management procedures give deep knowledge on the buildings design as well as achieve the project goals at an optimum price (Schwalbe, 2015). This procedure will integrate the existing as well as new systems; examine the real time communications infrastructure and impact of those technologies on the tangible factors. The project control mechanism ensures that the project is properly planned. The control over the project focuses on the three elements such as performance, price as well as time. The objective of this control is to take the corrective measures for the project plan so that it should be successful. The article is referring to the cybernetic control, which focuses on the output of the project plan. If the project milestones are not measured up to the set standards, then the situation is investigated in order to see if there are any changes in the project plan (Schwalbe, 2015). During managing the project, the project manager should observe the actions even the process of monitoring breaks down. Therefore, the project manager should continue controlling the project as well as should be aware of the project activities, which represents the risk of the failure of the project (Kaiser, El Arbi Ahlemann, 2015). The information should be gathered which is the task of the project manager. Even strong relationship among the senior as well as project manager makes easier steps to take a good decision-making. References Kaiser, M. G., El Arbi, F., Ahlemann, F. (2015). Successful project portfolio management beyond project selection techniques: Understanding the role of structural alignment.International Journal of Project Management,33(1), 126-139. Philbin, S., Kennedy, D. (2016). BECOMING A COMPLETE PROJECT LEADER.Industrial Engineer: IE.,48(2), 39-43. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.

How a Research Paper Service Can Help With Writing a Research Paper

How a Research Paper Service Can Help With Writing a Research PaperThere are many things that can make your research paper easier to write, but when you need help with writing a research paper service can be a huge help. They will go over your paper and show you where mistakes can be found, tell you what style is best for your research and they can even work with you on how best to organize your paper.The main thing that the research paper service will do is to find errors in your paper and correct them. They will help with writing a research paper in a way that is comfortable for you and make sure that they don't interrupt your flow of the paper. A service can help you write a research paper by using your style of writing and allow you to follow it without giving you too much direction.You need help with writing a research paper service will help you organize your papers correctly. This will allow you to follow your research easily and your style. Most of the time when you are writi ng your research paper you will find that the writing is quite involved and you can feel lost at times. Help with writing a research paper will help you focus on what you are doing so that you can be productive with your research.When you hire help with writing a research paper service, they will also show you how you can organize your paper. This will allow you to focus on the tasks that you are working on and only tackle those. Research papers can be quite long and can seem overwhelming. With help with writing a research paper service they will show you the proper way to work on the research paper.Help with writing a research paper service also knows how to use charts properly. When writing your research paper, you will need to keep track of your data as well as having some type of summary or information. There are some studies that show that the use of graphs is beneficial to students. A graph can provide you with a simple and easy way to show your results. As well as other studi es have shown that it is easier to remember graphs than a paragraph of text.When you need help with writing a research paper service will also help you with making your graphs. Graphs are an important part of research papers. A graphing calculator can help you make your graphs look more professional. If you find that your graphs are hard to understand, you can ask help with writing a research paper service to help you out.Help with writing a research paper service has the ability to turn your research paper into a well organized and well structured one. It helps to have a formalized way to organize your research and makes it much easier to focus on your results. When you have the ability to go through your research paper and organize it properly, you will feel like you did the work needed to get it done right.A research paper service will help you with writing a research paper so that you can have a more effective and organized paper. Your research paper will be easier to read and u nderstand as well as make it easier to follow. Having a research paper completed by an expert will make your work a lot easier.